@inproceedings{oai:jaxa.repo.nii.ac.jp:00013824,
 author = {柏木, 昭彦 and 川上, 智美 and 花田, 秀樹 and 柏木, 啓子 and Gusev, Oleg and Kashiwagi, Akihiko and Kawakami, Satomi and Hanada, Hideki and Kashiwagi, Keiko and Gusev, Oleg},
 book = {宇宙利用シンポジウム　第20回　平成15年度, Space Utilization Research: Proceedings of the Twentieth Space Utilization Symposium},
 month = {Mar},
 note = {Previously it was reported that high gravity retarded the development of amphibian eggs and embryos, and induced two heads, microcephally and multiple malformation. Programmed cell death (PCD), or apoptosis, is an essential process for normal development, tissue homeostasis and harmful cell elimination in multicellular organisms. In order to further clarify the effects of high gravity environments on amphibian development, the present study investigates the induction of abnormal PCD by high gravity. Uncleaved Xenopus laevis eggs at 20 min after insemination, and embryos at cell stage 2 were raised in 5 G for 4 days. Controls were raised in normal gravity. PCD was analyzed for body surface and inner structures of developing embryos using more sensitive in situ endolabelling technique that identifies fragmented nuclear DNA in dying cells. The results showed that: 1) Treated eggs and embryos showed an initial delay of development at day 2. 2) The number of dying cells in the surface of embryos developed from treated eggs and cell stage 2 embryos was less compared to controls. 3) Autopsy revealed that control embryos had high numbers of PCDs in the skin, brain, eyes and forehead, while embryos developed from treated eggs and stage 2 embryos showed a random distribution of PCD in the brain, eyes and forehead. These observations suggest that high gravity induces suppression of PCD, which probably results in retarded development and various abnormalities., 資料番号: AA0046917019},
 pages = {57--60},
 publisher = {宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究本部, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA/ISAS)},
 title = {無尾両生類の変態におけるアポトーシスや体の形態・機能の変化と重力},
 year = {2004}
}