{"created":"2023-06-20T14:36:30.609956+00:00","id":2819,"links":{},"metadata":{"_buckets":{"deposit":"e430e4fa-9c06-4cd1-82c0-c578e53634df"},"_deposit":{"created_by":1,"id":"2819","owners":[1],"pid":{"revision_id":0,"type":"depid","value":"2819"},"status":"published"},"_oai":{"id":"oai:jaxa.repo.nii.ac.jp:00002819","sets":["1398:1501:1502","1543:1827:1828","1887:1891","9:789:794:795"]},"author_link":["9075","9077","9076","9074"],"item_4_alternative_title_2":{"attribute_name":"その他のタイトル（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_alternative_title":"A Discussion of the Legality of Active Removal of Space Debris (ADR) of Other States"}]},"item_4_biblio_info_10":{"attribute_name":"書誌情報","attribute_value_mlt":[{"bibliographicIssueDates":{"bibliographicIssueDate":"2019-03-07","bibliographicIssueDateType":"Issued"},"bibliographicPageEnd":"221","bibliographicPageStart":"207","bibliographicVolumeNumber":"JAXA-SP-18-011","bibliographic_titles":[{"bibliographic_title":"宇宙航空研究開発機構特別資料: 第8回スペースデブリワークショップ講演資料集"},{"bibliographic_title":"JAXA Special Publication: Proceedings of the 8th Space Debris Workshop","bibliographic_titleLang":"en"}]}]},"item_4_description_14":{"attribute_name":"会議概要（会議名, 開催地, 会期, 主催者等）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"第8回スペースデブリワークショップ (2018年12月3-5日. 宇宙航空研究開発機構調布航空宇宙センター(JAXA)(CAC)), 調布市, 東京","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_4_description_15":{"attribute_name":"会議概要（会議名, 開催地, 会期, 主催者等）（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"The 8th Space Debris Workshop (December 3-5, 2018. Chofu Aerospace Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)(CAC)), Chofu, Tokyo, Japan","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_4_description_16":{"attribute_name":"抄録","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"打上げ活動の進展に伴い、異なる軌道上におけるスペースデブリの危険性に対する認識が求められるものの、宇宙諸条約において「スペースデブリ」の定義は見受けられない。IADC スペースデブリ低減ガイドラインはデブリ低減活動の用語と適用について規定しており、機能していないすべての軌道上の人工物がデブリに該当する。また現在のスペースデブリに関する主要な課題を分析するためには、制定時の議論を振り返る必要がある。すなわち、（1）軌道上のデブリと軌道を逸れた物体の明確化を含むスペースデブリの正確な定義、（2）デブリと宇宙条約及びその他の条約において規律されている宇宙物体との関係、の2つである。スペースデブリ低減ガイドラインのソフトローとしての性質は、他国が「原始的に」打上げたスペースデブリを積極的に取り除くことによって生じる可能性のある問題には、「強制力のある適用性」をもたらさないが、少なくともそのような問題が存在するかもしれない国々の間における議論につながる可能性がある。他国のデブリを取り除く際には、宇宙物体に対する管轄権と管理の権限の権利義務が適用されるか、除去の対象となる物体の財産権、除去に基づく損害が生じた際にどの程度の国際責任を負うか、という3つの法的問題が想定されうる。第3の問題に関して、損害責任条約は、他国または他国の個人・財産に対して地表において又は飛行中の航空機に対する無過失責任と、宇宙物体を起因とする他国への損害に対する過失責任のみ取り扱っている。他国の管轄下でデブリを除去する行為がために国際法上合法であるとみなす見解は、二国間または多国間協定、一般国際法の原則によって支えられている可能性がある。第一に、潜在的な責任は協定によって事前に放棄されるかもしれない。第二に、避けがたい状況や除去国が用いた手段に基づいて、国際公法の下で緊急避難を主張しうる。第三に、撤去国はまた、デブリの除去が違法性阻却事由とみなされる不可抗力にあたると主張することも可能である。したがって、現実的な法的課題はあるものの、他国のデブリの除去が正当化される可能性は否定できないといえる。","subitem_description_type":"Abstract"}]},"item_4_description_17":{"attribute_name":"抄録（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"The definition of ''space debris'' is nowhere to be found in major space treaties, while along with the high-pace development of launching activities, awareness must however exist for the high risk of space debris on different orbits. IADC Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines has provided for terms and applications of space debris mitigation activities, by which all in-orbit man-made objects that are non-functional fall into the scope of space debris. The drafting history must be examined to analyze key issues of the current space debris challenge, namely: (1) the precise definition of space debris, including the clarification of in-orbit debris and objects escaping from orbit; (2) the relationship between space debris and space object regulated under the Outer Space Treaty and other agreements. The soft-law nature of Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines provides no ''forceable applicability'' to the problems that may arise from the active removal of space debris ''originally'' launched by other State(s), but it could at least led to the discussion amongst the States where such issues may exist. Upon removal of other States' space debris, three types of potential legal problems concerning rights over it could be foreseen: whether the right/obligation to the jurisdiction and control over space object could be applied, how property rights over such object function against removal, and to what extent international liability shall be assumed in the event of damage being caused by removal. As for the third problem, the Liability Convention only deals with absolute liability of a launching State concerning damage caused on the Earth's surface or to an aircraft in flight or to another State and/or its persons/property, or fault-based liability to the damage being caused by space object of another State. Hence, the possibility to consider a State's act being legal for removing space debris under another State's jurisdiction may be supported by bilateral or multilateral agreements and general international law. Firstly, potential liability could be waived by agreements in advance. Secondly, depending on the unavoidable situation and means taken by the removing State, it could claim for necessity under international public law. Thirdly, the removing State could also claim that the removal of space debris is a result of force majeure which is to be regarded as exemption. Therefore, it is hard to deny that the removal of space debris of another State could be justified, although there are still tangible legal challenges.","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_4_description_18":{"attribute_name":"内容記述","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"形態: カラー図版あり","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_4_description_19":{"attribute_name":"内容記述（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"Physical characteristics: Original contains color illustrations","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_4_description_32":{"attribute_name":"資料番号","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"資料番号: AA1830034015","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_4_description_33":{"attribute_name":"レポート番号","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_description":"レポート番号: JAXA-SP-18-011","subitem_description_type":"Other"}]},"item_4_publisher_8":{"attribute_name":"出版者","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"宇宙航空研究開発機構(JAXA)"}]},"item_4_publisher_9":{"attribute_name":"出版者（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_publisher":"Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)"}]},"item_4_source_id_22":{"attribute_name":"ISSNONLINE","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_source_identifier":"2433-2232","subitem_source_identifier_type":"ISSN"}]},"item_4_text_6":{"attribute_name":"著者所属","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_value":"慶應義塾大学"},{"subitem_text_value":"慶應義塾大学"}]},"item_4_text_7":{"attribute_name":"著者所属（英）","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_text_language":"en","subitem_text_value":"Keio University"},{"subitem_text_language":"en","subitem_text_value":"Keio University"}]},"item_creator":{"attribute_name":"著者","attribute_type":"creator","attribute_value_mlt":[{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"陶, 陽子"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"齋藤, 颯人"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Tao, Yangzi","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]},{"creatorNames":[{"creatorName":"Saito, Hayato","creatorNameLang":"en"}],"nameIdentifiers":[{}]}]},"item_files":{"attribute_name":"ファイル情報","attribute_type":"file","attribute_value_mlt":[{"accessrole":"open_date","date":[{"dateType":"Available","dateValue":"2020-01-15"}],"displaytype":"detail","filename":"AA1830034015.pdf","filesize":[{"value":"1.4 MB"}],"format":"application/pdf","licensetype":"license_note","mimetype":"application/pdf","url":{"label":"AA1830034015.pdf","url":"https://jaxa.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/2819/files/AA1830034015.pdf"},"version_id":"851ebb43-35b4-43b2-b288-c332e5eb1a28"}]},"item_language":{"attribute_name":"言語","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_language":"jpn"}]},"item_resource_type":{"attribute_name":"資源タイプ","attribute_value_mlt":[{"resourcetype":"conference object","resourceuri":"http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_c94f"}]},"item_title":"他国の能動的デブリ除去(ADR)の適法性の検討","item_titles":{"attribute_name":"タイトル","attribute_value_mlt":[{"subitem_title":"他国の能動的デブリ除去(ADR)の適法性の検討"}]},"item_type_id":"4","owner":"1","path":["795","1502","1828","1891"],"pubdate":{"attribute_name":"公開日","attribute_value":"2019-03-15"},"publish_date":"2019-03-15","publish_status":"0","recid":"2819","relation_version_is_last":true,"title":["他国の能動的デブリ除去(ADR)の適法性の検討"],"weko_creator_id":"1","weko_shared_id":-1},"updated":"2023-06-21T09:15:35.172959+00:00"}